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History of Canada's Chinese Community
Adventures in China
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June 28 CANADIAN Music Part 7: Hybrid Bands of the 60sPreviously, we learned that many Canadian acts, like Hank Snow and Paul Anka, had moved to the U.S. to bolster their careers. Now, with CBC radio firmly established and the debut of CBC television in 1952, enabling artists to gain significant exposure, many artists began remaining at home, like Bobby Curtola. Moreover, foreign singers and bands began recording or settling in Canada, even American artists (we'll look at Heart later). Arriving in Canada from Northern Ireland were The Irish Rovers who, during a lengthy (especially performance) career, scored a few hits including their 8 million selling cover of Shel Silverstein's "The Unicorn" in 1968 and their Juno-nominated smash "Wasn't That a Party" in 1980. East Prussian born John Kay became a naturalized Canadian citizen and founded the rock band Steppenwolf. An American artist who ended up settling in Canada was Ronnie Hawkins. He started out as a solo artist with a backing band called The Hawks who broke with Hawkins to become their own hybrid band called The Band. What do I mean by "hybrid" band? Let me explain…
In the middle of the 60s, Canada and the United States were swept up in Beatlemania. The British Invasion knocked Paul Anka, Elvis, and a host of acts off the charts. In order to combat this, Canadians and Americans joined forces, coming together to create what I'm calling "hybrid bands". These were bands, some of whose members were Canadian and some American. There were perhaps five very popular ones: The Band, Steppenwolf, The Mamas and the Papas, The Lovin' Spoonful, and Blood, Sweat and Tears. The latter three were predominantly American outfits (only one member in each band was Canadian), so we will just write a few notes on them. The first two were primarily Canadian bands, so we will profile them. Because it released only three albums and was never a big commercial success (though highly regarded by rock critics and an inductee into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame) we will not talk about Buffalo Springfield here, but later on we will mention them in conjunction with Neil Young whom we will profile in great detail.
Denny Doherty in The Mamas and the Papas
Denny Doherty was a Canadian singer-songwriter who, with three Americans, were The Mamas and The Papas, a hybrid band from 1965 to 1971. They released five albums and scored ten hit singles, the biggest being 1966's "California Dreamin'" (#4) and "Monday, Monday" (#1), and 1967's "Dedicated to the One I Love" (#2). Doherty co-wrote the bands' songs "I Got a Feelin'", "For the Love of Ivy", and "I Saw Her Again", the latter reaching #5 on the Billboard charts and, naturally, going #1 in Canada. Doherty was inducted into the Canadian Music Hall of Fame in 1996. The Mamas and The Papas were inducted into the American Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1998.
Zal Yanovsky in The Lovin' Spoonful
Zal Yanovsky was a Canadian guitarist and singer who, from 1965 to 1967, was in the short-lived hybrid band The Lovin' Spoonful with three Americans. They scored a number of hits, their three biggest—all in 1966—being "Summer in the City" (#1 in both the U.S. and Canada), "Did You Ever Have to Make Up Your Mind" (#2), and "Daydream" (#1 in Canada and #2 in the U.S.). Zal Yanovsky was inducted into the Canadian Music Hall of Fame in 1996. The Lovin' Spoonful was inducted into the American Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2000.
David Clayton-Thomas' Blood, Sweat, and Tears
From 1968, the lead singer of Blood, Sweat and Tears, David Clayton-Thomas, was Canadian. All other members were American. Clayton-Thomas is the one who fronted the band when they rose to superstardom, and he is the one who, unaided, composed one of their biggest hits—"Spinning Wheel". Their second album (self-titled) topped the Billboard charts (and was the third biggest of the year) and won the Grammy Award for Album of the Year beating out The Beatles' Abbey Road. Their follow up album (Blood, Sweat, and Tears 3), released in 1970, also topped the charts. The band's biggest hits—all released in 1969 and all reaching #2 on the Billboard Pop Charts and all going #1 on the Canadian charts—were a version of Laura Nyro's "And When I Die", Clayton-Thomas' "Spinning Wheel", and a cover of Berry Gordy and Brenda Holloway's "You've Made Me So Very Happy". David Clayton-Thomas was inducted into the Canadian Music Hall of Fame in 1996.
The Band
 Years Active: 1967-1976
Canadian Members:
- Robbie Robertson (guitar, piano, vocals)
- Richard Manuel (piano, harmonica, drums, saxophone, organ, vocals)
- Garth Hudson (organ, piano, clavinet, accordion, synthesizer, saxophone)
- Rick Danko (bass guitar, violin, trombone, vocals)
American Member:
- Levon Helm (drums, mandolin, guitar, bass guitar, vocals)
Genre: Rock
Achievements:
- Canadian Music Hall of Fame (1989)
- Robbie Robertson (member) Canadian Walk of Fame (2003)
- American Rock and Roll Hall of Fame (1994)
- Ranked #50 in Rolling Stones 100 Greatest Artists of All Time (2004)
- Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award (2008)
Most Well-Known Song:
"Up On Cripple Creek" (1970)
Some Other Famous Songs:
- "The Weight" (1968)
- "Rag Mama Rag" (1970)
- "Don't Do It" (1972)
- "Ophelia" (1976)
The Band is one of the most idiosyncratic phenomena in music history. They were often used as a backing band by solo artists but they were their own band. They were considered to be responsible for the purest American music of the day, but they were not American, they were essentially Canadian. They were embraced as strongly by music critics as The Beatles or The Rolling Stones but to a significantly lesser degree by the public. Their albums charted much better than their singles. Their biggest hit—"Up On Cripple Creek"—peaked at only #25 on the Billboard Pop Charts (1970). In contrast, they had three Top 10 albums (six if those with Bob Dylan are included). Their album with Bob Dylan, Planet Waves (1974) was #1 in the U.S.. The Band's self-titled 1969 album went platinum in the U.S.. Moreover, their singles tended to do better in both Canada and the U.K. than in the U.S.. For example, their classic "The Weight" (ranked #41 in Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Songs of All Time list, published in 2004) made it only to #63 on the American charts but was a Top 40 hit in both Britain and Canada, peaking at #21 and #35 respectively.
Perhaps one of the reasons they were loved by critics was that they were all very talented musicians. Each member of the band could play several instruments. Singers Manuel, Danko, and Helm each brought a distinctive sound. Helm had an American twang that gave The Band a country flavour; Manuel alternated between baritone and falsetto, and Danko was a tenor. Robbie Robertson was the group's chief songwriter and sang lead on only three of their recorded songs.
Besides the critics, fellow artists lavished praise on them. Eric Clapton has said that he had wanted to join the group.
The Band evolved from the backing group of American rockabilly singer Ronnie Hawkins and later worked significantly with American artist Bob Dylan. In 1958, Ronnie Hawkins and his backing band went to perform in Ontario where they were paid more money than in the southern U.S.. The members of the group left, one by one, and were replaced gradually by Canadian musicians. Backing Hawkins, they were known as The Hawks. They were so popular that Ronnie Hawkins became known as Toronto's answer to Elvis Presley. But, in 1963, with an overbearing personality, Hawkins became the odd man out and was given the boot by his own group, the group of Canadians that he'd assembled. The group became known as Levon and the Hawks or The Canadian Squires and recorded a few singles including "The Stones That I Throw", a minor hit in Canada.
In 1965, they went to the U.S. to serve as Bob Dylan's backing band, The Crackers, helping him in his transition from folk to rock. They released their first album, Music From Big Pink in 1968, which includes their acclaimed song "The Weight", a song featured in the biker flick Easy Rider. Critics point out that the music on the album was an entirely different style than what anyone else in the music business was doing at that time. Bruce Eder says, "It was as though psychedelia, and the so-called British Invasion, had never happened…. The press latched on to the album before the public did, but over the next year, the Band became one of the most talked about phenomenon in rock music."
The group made their debut as The Band in 1969, releasing a self-titled album, dominated by Robbie Robertson's writing, that contained the songs "Up on Cripple Creek", "Rag Mama Rag", and "The Night They Drove Ol' Dixie Down". The latter was later covered by Joan Baez, making it to #3 on the Billboard pop charts in 1971. And the former got them onto the Ed Sullivan show and their popularity exploded. Their album peaked at #9 on the Billboard charts and they embarked on their first tour as a headlining act. In 1969, The Band performed at some of the biggest rock festivals, including the legendary Woodstock Festival and the Toronto Pop Festival at Varsity Stadium.
Their third album Stage Fright was released the following year and made it to #5 on the Billboard Album charts. The Band's anxiety from the touring and sudden fame and fortune may have resulted in the darker themes of the album. Robertson began dominating their work and taking up the spotlight which led to resentment from the other members. But Robertson felt that he had to compensate for other members whose talents were becoming overtaken by addiction and substance abuse. Despite their mounting disunity, they were still able to train it to Canada to participate in the all-star rock concert tour, Festival Express, with Janis Joplin and the Grateful Dead.
The Band's fourth album, Cahoots, was released in 1971, its best-known tracks being "Life Is a Carnival" and "Don't Do It". The former includes horn arrangements by Allen Toussaint who was asked to do subsequent work for The Band. Both Stage Fright and Cahoots were not well received by critics and The Band was worn out; they took a lengthy break from both performing and recording new material. Their next recording, Rock of Ages (1972), was a live album from their New Year's Eve concert. In 1973, they released Moondog Matinee, a collection of studio versions of the older songs that the group used to perform on-stage and numbers from their days as The Hawks. In the summer of that year, they performed at a huge rock concert, along with The Grateful Dead and The Allman Brothers, on a race track in New York, attended by some 600,000 people, a world attendance record at the time. Two albums came out the following year: Before the Flood (Bob Dylan/Band tour album from shows earlier in the year) and Planet Waves (a Bob Dylan album that featured The Band).
The fact that The Band was not recording any new material should be interpreted as not all being well within the group. But in 1975, they mustered somewhat of a comeback with the new album Northern Lights — Southern Cross, presenting their first original material in four years. The album was hailed their best since their self-titled sophomore effort and included the use of synthesizers. All tracks on the album were written by Robertson.
On a side-note: around the same time Helm and Hudson worked with blues legend Muddy Waters on his Grammy Award winning Woodstock Album which was the last great album cut by the Chess Records label.
The Band decided they were unhappy with Capitol Records and were offered a multi-million dollar deal from Warner Brothers who were still kicking themselves for not having signed the group back in '67. But The Band had a contractual obligation to record one more album for Capitol. The result was Islands which was pretty much thrown together to complete their 10-album deal with Capitol. Nevertheless the album had its moments according to the critics. It was released in 1977.
By 1976, it was too late to save the Band as a working ensemble. The individual members had grown too far apart. They gave a final concert—"The Last Waltz"—in November at the Winterland Ballroom in San Francisco, the home of their first gigs in 1969. Musical guests included Bob Dylan, Van Morrison, Muddy Waters, Eric Clapton, Ringo Starr, Ronnie Hawkins, Neil Diamond, and Canadians Joni Mitchell and Neil Young. A triple album of the gig was eventually released by Warner Brothers in 1978 and a film was made, directed by Martin Scorsese, who developed a working relationship with Robbie Robertson. The two would work together on many film projects over the years to come.
All individual members released solo albums afterwards, none of which did well. Because Robertson had dibs on royalties of The Band's songs (being their principal composer), he, unlike the others, was financially secure. In order to earn money, the others, without Robertson, assembled for various concert tours.
Helm, who has always disputed Robertson's claim to the royalties, received applause for his acting debut in Coal Miner's Daughter. In 2007 he released a solo album, Dirt Farmer, which was awarded a Grammy for Best Traditional Folk Album.
In 1986, while on tour, Richard Manuel committed suicide by hanging himself in his Florida motel room. Robertson joined the others for a memorial concert in New York. And he released his first solo album the following year which included a tribute to Manuel called "Fallen Angel". This self-titled album, which was produced by Canada's Daniel Lanois (co-producer for U2), won Album of the Year at the Junos. Robertson himself was awarded a second Juno award for Male Artist of the Year. He received a star on Canada's Walk of Fame in 2003.
In 1989, The Band was inducted into the Canadian Music Hall of Fame. At the awards ceremony, Robertson, Danko, and Hudson performed with Blue Rodeo. The Band was part of the international stellar cast in Roger Waters' 1990 production The Wall in Berlin, viewed by an estimated one billion people. They were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1994.
In 1993, The Band (without Robertson who was enjoying a successful solo career) released their first original studio album in 16 years, Jericho. This was followed by High On the Hog (1996), and Jubilation (1998). In late 1999, Rick Danko died in his sleep at age 56. Following his death, The Band disbanded for good. In 2008, they received a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award.
Steppenwolf
 Years Most Active: 1967-1976
Canadian Members:
- John Kay (lead vocals)
- Goldy McJohn (keyboards)
- Jerry Edmonton (drums)
American Members:
- Michael Monarch (guitar)
- Rushton Moreve (bass)
Genre: Rock
Achievements:
- John Kay (lead singer) Canadian Music Hall of Fame (1996)
- John Kay (lead singer) Canadian Walk of Fame (2004)
Biggest Hits:
"Born to Be Wild" (1968)
- #1 on the Canadian RPM Charts
- #2 on the American Billboard Pop Charts
"Magic Carpet Ride" (1968)
- #1 on the Canadian RPM Charts
- #3 on the American Billboard Charts
Some Other Hits:
- "Move Over" (1969)
- "Rock Me" (1969
- "Hey Lawdy Mama" (1970)
- "Straight Shootin' Woman" (1974)
Though their music sounds tame by today's standards, back in the late-60s, the music of Steppenwolf was considered hard rock. It is perhaps more true to say that their music was a big influence behind the establishment of heavy metal music later on. In fact, in the band's huge hit "Born to Be Wild", the term "heavy metal" is used for the first time in the lyrics of a rock song:
…I like smoke and lightning
Heavy metal thunder
Racin' with the wind
And the feelin' that I'm under…
Steppenwolf was formed in the year of Canada's centennial birthday (1967) in California by a naturalized Canadian citizen (born in East Prussia) named John Kay.
Kay fronted the Toronto-based outfit, Sparrow, two years prior. The band made a big impact with their debut performance in Waterloo, Ontario. A month later they supported Gary Lewis & The Playboys at Massey Hall in Toronto. With their success, their manager took Sparrow to New York arranging a record deal with Columbia Records. They released a couple of singles, both of which failed to chart. They decided to move to California and performed in gigs alongside The Doors and The Steve Miller Band.
After the move to Los Angeles, a couple of members left the band and new recruits were called in. Canadian Dennis Edmonton, who'd been a member of Sparrow, departed for a solo career under the stage name Mars Bonfire but not before writing the aforementioned "Born to Be Wild". His brother Jerry Edmonton stayed with The Sparrows as their drummer. On a side note, Bruce Palmer left Sparrow to join the band Buffalo Springfield. And their name was changed to Steppenwolf after Hermann Hesse's autobiographical novel of the same name.
Steppenwolf released two singles, but rocketed to worldwide fame with their third—"Born to Be Wild" which was featured in the 1969 biker film Easy Rider, during its opening credits with Peter Fonda and Dennis Hopper riding their Harley choppers through the American west. The song has been associated with motorcycles ever since. Steppenwolf's cover of Hoyt Axton's "The Pusher" was featured in the film as well.
The band was as successful with its single "Magic Carpet Ride" written by John Kay. This song has been featured in several movies including Canadian Mike Myers' Austin Powers: The Spy Who Shagged Me. Steppenwolf scored a Top 10 hit in the U.S. with "Rock Me". The band released a number of political concept albums over the next few years and went through a few personnel changes.
They disbanded in 1972 but after enthusiastic responses to reunion concerts, they reunited in 1974, released a new album and their last Top 40 hit, "Straight Shootin' Woman". They disbanded a second time in 1976. A number of bogus versions of the band were assembled with various former members for touring. In the 1980s, Kay reformed his own version of the band performing their old hits and some new numbers but Steppenwolf will always be remembered for their wild biker and magical carpet themes of the late-60s. Jam's Canadian Pop Encyclopedia adds:
In 1994, on the eve of Steppenwolf's 25th anniversary, Kay returned to the former East Germany for a triumphant series of Steppenwolf concerts; that trip reunited him with friends and relatives he had not seen since his early childhood. The same year, Kay published his autobiography, "Magic Carpet Ride".
John Kay was inducted into the Canadian Music Hall of Fame in 1996 and was given a star on Canada's Walk of Fame in 2004. June 23 CANADIAN Music Part 6: Homemade Rock (Early 60s)Montreal's The Beau-Marks have been credited with releasing the first hit rock recording made entirely in Canada. The song was "Clap Your Hands" and the year was 1960. It quickly scaled the charts all the way to number one. It was also released in the U.S., Europe, and Australia where it was the 5th biggest song of the year. A French version was recorded too, called "Frappe Tes Mains". The following year they scored a big hit with "Classmate". The Beau-Marks differed considerably from 50s vocal ensembles The Crew-Cuts, The Diamonds, and The Four Lads in that they were a pure rock band that composed most of its own material. Unfortunately, despite incredible popularity and performances in New York's Carnegie Hall and TV's American Bandstand, the group disbanded after releasing only three albums.
Rock bands sprang up all over Canada, perhaps most notably in Quebec where rock and roll was called by the French name Yé-Yé. Music historian Richard Baillargeon noted that there were 500 yé-yé bands in the province, 50 of which had significant careers. The Mégatones kicked things off with their album Voici les Mégatones in 1962. The single "Rideau S.V.P." became a classic. One of Quebec's all-time biggest pop stars emerged, releasing over 60 albums in both French and English over the years. Her name: Ginette Reno. Other big stars in Quebec were folk singer Claude Gauthier ("Ton Nom" and "Le Grand Six Pieds"), Claude Léveillée, Clemence Desrochers (though better known as an actress), and Donald Lautrec. Pianist and composer André Gagnon was instrumental in accompanying and writing for many of these pop stars. Monique Leyrac performed songs of these singers on TV, bringing them to the attention of English Canada.
Canada's subsequent pop star and teen-idol, after Paul Anka, was Bobby Curtola, who, ended up releasing some 50 singles, many of which made the Top Ten. His biggest hit, "Fortune-Teller" came in 1962, selling millions of copies worldwide. Terry Black also appeared and, though less successful than Curtola, managed several hits, including "Unless You Care" and "Only Sixteen". Richie Knight & The Mid-Knights had one of the biggest hits of the early 60s: 1963's "Charlena". Also big that year was Jackie Shane's "Any Other Way". Shirley Matthews scored a major hit the following year—"Big Town Boy".
Celebrated Canadian actor Lorne Greene enjoyed a brief signing career spawned by the popularity of his role as Ben Cartwright on the long-running Western television series "Bonanza". In 1964, his hit, "Ringo" topped the charts. Another country artist in the early 60s was Lucille Star who scored several hits, some with her partner Bob Regan (the duo was dubbed The Canadian Sweethearts). Her "French Song" was the 22nd biggest hit of 1964.
Homegrown folk artists starting out in the early 60s were Buffy Sainte-Marie, Canada's first high-profile First Nations musician, the husband-wife team of Ian & Sylvia ("Four Strong Winds"), and Canada's polka king Walter Ostanek. Canada's godfather of folk, Gordon Lightfoot, made his debut in 1962 with the hit "Remember I'm The One" and struck again five years later with "Go Go Round". But, because his huge international success came in the 70s and the Canadian Pop Encyclopedia cites him as Canada's most popular male vocalist during the 70s, we'll profile him later.
With the growth of Canadian music, artists from other countries began covering Canadian songs. Bonnie Dobson's 1961 hit "Morning Dew" was covered by Lulu in 1968. "Universal Soldier" (1964) by aforementioned Buffy Sainte-Marie was covered by Scottish artist Donovan.
Bobby Curtola
 Born: 1944, Port Arthur, Ontario
Debut: 1960
Genre: Pop
Achievements:
- RPM Gold Leaf Award (Pre-Juno) in 1965/6 for Male Vocalist of the Year
- First Canadian singer to have a gold LP.
- Released some 50 singles and 15-20 albums
- 70% of his singles made the Top Ten.
Biggest Hit:
"Fortune-Teller" (1962)
- Sold 2 million copies.
Some Other Hit Singles:
- "Don't Sweetheart Me"
- "Aladdin"
- "Three Rows Over"
- "Indian Giver"
- "Hitchhiker"
- "Makin' Love"
In 1960, Bobby Curtola, with his first hit "Hand in Hand with You", became Canada's second big pop star and teen idol after Paul Anka hit the airwaves in 1957. He had scores of hit singles, the biggest being "Fortune Teller" in 1962.
In 1944 (some sources say 1943) in Port Arthur, Ontario, Bobby Curtola was born. He began singing at high school dances and at age 15 formed a rock band called Bobby and the Bobcats. His skills attracted the attention of songwriting brothers Basil and Dyer Hurdon who owned the record label Tartan. They wrote the song "Hand in Hand with You" which they recorded with Curtola in 1959/60. Its moderate success encouraged them to write more songs for Curtola and they became his managers, carefully arranging his record releases and club dates, and forming his fan club.
In 1962, Curtola released "Fortune Teller" and its double A-side "Johnny Take Your Time" which became his biggest hit, selling two million copies and charting in the U.S.. He scored a second international hit with "Aladdin". This big break erupted into a string of hits during the fiercely competitive British Invasion years that knocked most Canadian and American singers off the charts.
Bobby Curtola was Canada's only teen-idol in the early 60s and specialized in what were dubbed "rock-a-ballads". His voice was described as a "silvery tenor" with a "soft-sweet quality". In 1967, Bobby toured Canada and the following year switched to a nightclub career. By this time, he had released 46 singles, 32 of which made the Top Ten! He made a guest appearance on the Bob Hope Show. After 1972, he spent part of the year performing in Las Vegas, opening for Louis Armstrong. Like Paul Anka, Las Vegas offered him a multimillion dollar contract.
He recorded occasionally in the 80s. In the 90s there was an "oldies" revival and RCA offered him a 5-album deal. He toured Canada and Malaysia in 1998 and Europe in 2001.
Unlike Paul Anka who left us and became a naturalized U.S. citizen, Bobby Curtola stayed in Canada, proving that it was possible to succeed in pop music and remain at home. This paved the way for later Canadian pop musicians. Curtola performed the first commercial to sound like a hit pop record: "Things Go Better with Coke".
Curtola is married with two sons, and currently lives in Edmonton. He still performs across Canada, Las Vegas and even the Princess Cruise Lines.
Ginette Reno
 Born: 1946, Montreal, Quebec
Debut: 1961
Genres: Pop / Adult Contemporary
Achievements:
- Canadian Walk of Fame
- Juno Award in 1970 for Best Female Singer
- Juno Awards in 1972 and 1973 for Most Outstanding Performance by a Female
- Released 60 albums
Biggest Hit:
"Je ne suis qu'une chanson" (1979)
- Title-track from the album that sold 387,000 copies in Quebec.
Some Other Hit Singles:
- "Non papa"
- "J'aime Guy"
- "Tu vivras toujours dans mon coeur"
- "Beautiful Second Hand Man"
- "T'es mon amour, t'es ma maîtresse"
- "Les Yeux fermés"
- "Aimez-le si fort"
- "La Dernière Valse"
- "Reste auprès de moi"
- "Le Sable et la mer"
- "À ma manière"
_____________
"What a Colossus of the stage, what a magnificent performer, what a voice, what soul, what warmth she radiates... Ginette Reno is music pure and simple, music with no nationality, no boundaries, ageless, beyond time. Ginette Reno is the soul of music, a succession of notes that she rethinks, reworks, to which she gives new life and finally delivers to us through her own view of things, her warmth, her voice and her incredible talent."
—Pierre Beaulieu, Montreal La Presse, 1 Jun 1977
Ginette Reno was born in eastern Montreal in 1946. She is not only a singer but a composer, author, and actress. Over the span of her four-decade career, she has released some 60 albums. She has been lauded by many Quebec singers as their inspiration, including international superstar Celine Dion. Fluent in both French and English, Reno, like Celine Dion, has performed songs in both languages.
Reno was born Ginette Raynault and, while still young, began attracting large crowds by singing in front of her father's butcher shop at St. Lawrence market. This led to her participation in amateur singing contests, finishing first in most. She hired a singing coach and paid him with money she earned by delivering newspapers. She started performing in nightclubs and released her first single in 1961 ("Non Papa" / "J'aime Guy"). Its success turned her into a star. She scored a huge hit in 1964 with "Tu Vivras Toujours Dans Mon Coeur". She began performing at some of the provinces and country's most prestigious venues including Place des Arts (PDA) and the National Arts Centre (NAC). She also performed at Expo '67 which was held in Montreal.
In 1969, Reno performed with the Montreal Symphony Orchestra and signed a recording contract with Decca which made her an international star. She gave two shows on BBC TV. Due to popular demand, she returned to London the following year to sing at the Savoy Theatre and in 1971 to host a series of shows with African-born British singer Roger Whittaker. Because English Canadian radio and television normally snub French songs, Reno had to record a song in English to become known to Canadian Anglophones. In 1970, her "Beautiful Second Hand Man" was a big hit, reaching No. 6 on the CHUM chart. She won a Juno Award that year for Best Female Vocalist. In 1972, Reno participated in the Tokyo International Song Festival and won first prize. She had another hit with Jean-Pierre Ferland in 1974 called "T'es Mon Amour, T'es Ma Maîtresse".
In the mid-70s, while continuing with her singing career, Reno stayed in Los Angeles to study at Lee Strasberg's Studio of Dramatic Art. In 1978, she appeared on popular American shows Merv Griffin, Dinah Shore, and The Tonight Show with Johnny Carson.
In 1979, Reno released her all-time biggest hit, the title-track from the album Je Ne Suis Qu'une Chanson. Despite a big economic recession in the Province, the album managed to sell 387,000 copies. Given that Quebec at the time had a population of about 6.5 million, this meant that 6% of all seniors, adults, youth and children bought a copy, making it a "2x diamond" album in the Province. In 1980, Ginette co-hosted the Juno Awards with pop-pianist Frank Mills. She toured France but, according to the Canadian Music Encyclopedia, "she never was successful there".
Her drama schooling in Los Angeles proved to be a wise move as she made her film debut in Jean-Claude Lauzon's Léolo in 1991. Throughout the 90s, she continued with her acting, starring in some TV series and movies. In 2003, she starred with Paul Sorvino in the Canadian movie Mambo Italiano. Between her acting stints, Reno has continued to record, winning numerous awards. In 1998, she released her first English album since 1979—Love Is All. This year, 2009, Ginette Reno released Fais Moi La Tendresse, which topped Canada's album charts, booting U2's No Line on the Horizon from the No. 1 spot.
Ian & Sylvia
 Formed: 1959, Toronto, Ontario
Debut Recording: 1962
Disbanded: 1975
Members:
- Ian Tyson (b. 1933 in Victoria, B.C.)
- Sylvia Fricker (b. 1940 in Chatham, Ontario)
Genre: Folk
Achievements:
- Canadian Music Hall of Fame (1992)
Biggest Song:
"Four Strong Winds" (1963)
- Considered one of the greatest folk songs of all-time
- Determined by a CBC poll to be the most essential piece of Canadian music
- Covered by scores of artists
Some Other Popular Songs:
- "You Were On My Mind"
- "Someday Soon"
- "Lovin' Sound"
- "Last Lonely Eagle"
- "Everybody Has to Say Goodbye"
- "Play One More"
- "Summer Wages"
- "The Renegade"
Ian and Sylvia (Tyson) were a husband and wife duo who blew everyone away with their beautiful folk songs in the 1960s. They have been credited with being the first Canadian folk act to command a large international following. Music critic Richie Unterberger writes of Ian & Sylvia:
. . . they were overlooked influences upon early folk-rockers such as the Jefferson Airplane, the We Five, the Mamas and the Papas, and Fairport Convention, all of whom utilized similar blends of male/female lead/harmony vocals. They were also inspirations to fellow Canadian singer/songwriters such as Neil Young, Joni Mitchell, and Gordon Lightfoot. . . . they helped expand the range of folk by adding bass (sometimes played by Spike Lee's father Bill) and mandolin to Ian's guitar and Sylvia's autoharp. Just as crucially, they ranged far afield for their repertoire, which encompassed not just traditional folk ballads, but bluegrass, country, spirituals, blues, hillbilly, gospel, and French-Canadian songs.
Ian Tyson was born in Victoria in 1933. He had dreamed of becoming a cowboy and began competing in rodeos. After sustaining injuries in a fall, he took up the guitar. He started out playing as a regular at Vancouver's Heidelberg Café in 1956. He then became guitarist for Jerry Fyander and the Seasonal Stipes but felt his musical career was not going anyway, so he relocated to Toronto in 1959 playing gigs full-time in local cafés trying to break into the music market. He met singer/actor Don Francks first, and then Sylvia Fricker.
Sylvia Fricker was born in Chatham, Ontario in 1940. While in her teens she frequented the folk clubs in Toronto.
When they teamed up, the both played guitars and sang in harmony. Sylvia played the autoharp on occasion. In 1961, they performed at the Mariposa Folk Festival. In the early 60s Canada and the U.S. were swept up in a folk revival. The duo quickly moved to the forefront of the movement. They went down to New York in 1962 later catching the attention of Albert Grossman (manager of Bob Dylan and Peter, Paul, and Mary). Grossman got them a contract with Vanguard Records and they released their first album later that year. This debut consisted primarily of traditional British, Canadian, and French folk songs and a couple of blues numbers. Its moderate success got them on the list of performers in the Newport Folk Festival in 1963.
It was the duo's second album, Four Strong Winds, that secured their breakthrough. Its title-track has become one of the most famous folk songs of all-time. Not only did it become a big hit in Canada, it became a lasting hit. It has been covered by a number of artists since, including but not limited to Johnny Cash, The Searchers, The Seekers, Bobby Bare, and The Kingston Trio. Perhaps the most famous cover is the one by fellow-Canadian Neil Young in 1978.
In 1964, Ian and Sylvia married then released their third album Northern Journey. This featured Sylvia's best-known composition: the bluesy "You Were on My Mind". It's poppier cover by the We Five became one of the first big folk-rock hits, charting internationally. The album also contained a composition from Ian that rivaled "Four Strong Winds" in popularity—"Someday Soon".
In the duo's fourth album, Early Morning Rain (1965), they introduced Canada's emerging folk artist Gordon Lightfoot by presenting a couple of his compositions. Play One More, their fifth album, showcased a more electrified live style that was becoming popular with groups like the Lovin' Spoonful and the Byrds. In 1966, Ian & Sylvia appeared on BBC TV in Britain and the following year in New York at Carnegie Hall.
In 1967, they were featured on a weekly program on CBC television and released two albums, which were a turn towards the pop mainstream. When their contract ended with Vanguard, they switched to MGM and with this change and their experimentations with country and country-rock, their popularity steadily declined.
In 1968, they formed a full band called The Great Speckled Bird which was later to influence the styles of Poco and The Eagles. The band, composed of some of the highest-profile session musicians in the business, like David Wilcox, was a free-form country-jazz instrumental experiment. Positive response to performances of the band inspired them to release an album on the Ampex label. Ampex however was in the midst of folding, failed to establish widespread distribution, and thousands of copies of the album never left the warehouse. The album has become a much sought-after collector's item and is considered a classic of the country-rock genre. The Great Speckled Bird performed at Expo 70 in Japan and the Atlanta Pop Festival.
In the mid 70s, the duo of Ian & Sylvia had run out of steam and split both professionally and personally. Ian moved to Alberta engaging in ranching and Sylvia engaged in broadcasting. She moved more towards pop music as a solo artist. Later on, Ian began making records again, as a soloist, doing country. His 80s and 90s albums have received tremendous critical acclaim in Canada.
On a positive note, despite their divorce, the two have maintained a friendship ever since and have even reunited on occasion. In 1986, they participated in a special live performance with guests Gordon Lightfoot, Murray McLauchlan, Emmylou Harris, and Judy Collins.
Buffy Sainte-Marie
 Born: 1941/2 Piapot Reserve, Saskatchewan
Debut: 1964
Genres: Folk / Pop
Some Achievements:
- Canadian Walk of Fame
- Canadian Music Hall of Fame
- Queen's Jubilee Medal
- Juno and Gemini Awards
Biggest Song:
"Up Where We Belong" (1982)
- Theme song of the movie An Officer and a Gentleman
- Academy Award winner
- Golden Globe winner
- BAFTA winner
Some Other Popular Songs:
- "Until It's Time for You to Go"
- "Universal Soldier"
- "Cod'ine"
- "Now That the Buffalo's Gone"
- "My Country 'Tis of Thy People You're Dying"
- "Piney Wood Hills"
- "Lyke Wake Dirge"
- "Soldier Blue"
- "Mister Can't You See"
- "I'm Gonna Be a Country Girl Again"
- "The Big Ones Get Away"
- "Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee"
Buffy was born Beverly in the early 40s on Piapot Reserve, in the Qu'Appelle valley (near Regina, Saskatchewan) and is a First Nations (Cree) singer-songwriter, guitarist, mouth-bow player, visual artist, actress, social activist, and educator. She was orphaned when only a few months old and adopted by a part-Mi'kmaq family and raised in the U.S.. Later on, she was adopted back into the Piapot Reserve, according to tribal customs, by a Cree family related to her birth parents.
At 17, Sainte-Marie took up the guitar. By 1962, she was touring the folk circuit in the U.S., Canada, and abroad along with emerging Canadian contemporaries Leonard Cohen, Joni Mitchell, and Neil Young. Venues included cafés in downtown Toronto's old Yorkville district and New York City's Greenwich Village. In 1964, she performed at Canada's Mariposa Folk Festival and released her debut album It's My Way (Vanguard Records).
According to the All Music Guide, Sainte-Marie's style, with an "idiosyncratic vibrato", "made large-scale commercial success out of the question". What ended up happening was that her raw, folk songs were picked up by other artists and turned into commercial hits. She witnessed wounded American soldiers returning from their war with Vietnam and was inspired to write "Universal Soldier" which became one of Scottish Donovan's first hits. The stunningly beautiful "Until It's Time for You to Go", regarded as one of her finest compositions, has been covered by a vast array of singers, including, but not limited to, Barbra Streisand, Neil Diamond, Roberta Flack, Cher, Bobby Darin, and Elvis Presley who had a British hit with it in the early 70s. "Cod'ine", one of the few 60s anti-drug songs, was covered by The Charlatans. "Piney Wood Hills" was converted into a country hit by Bobby Bare.
Social issues became the central themes of her songs, not only broader issues like war and justice but also those closer to home for her. Being Native Canadian, she wrote songs about related ethnic issues like "Now That the Buffalo's Gone" and "My Country 'Tis of Thy People You're Dying". She performed at Expo 67 in Montreal.
Buffy's 1970s singles charted better in Britain than in the U.S., interestingly. Her "Soldier Blue", theme song of the movie of the same name, made it to #7 on the U.K. charts. Her only Top 40 hit in the U.S. that decade was "Mister Can't You See". She attempted to break into the country, rock, and even electronica markets but those songs failed to do as well as her folk compositions. She commented about this saying that "People were more in love with the Pocahontas-with-a-guitar image". In 1977, she performed before Queen Elizabeth II at the Silver Jubilee celebrations in Ottawa. She made a number of television appearances, including a five-year stint on Sesame Street.
In the 1970s, she became a big admirer of the Bahá'í Faith and performed at some Bahá'í conferences along with renowned Bahá'í band Seals & Crofts. She performed at the Bahá'í World Congress in 1992 in New York City. She also set a popular Bahá'í prayer to music and recorded it.
Buffy Sainte-Marie's most acclaimed piece was the theme song of the 1982 Hollywood production An Officer and a Gentleman, "Up Where We Belong". She co-wrote the music with her husband Jack Nitzsche. Will Jennings wrote the lyrics and the song was performed by Joe Cocker and Jennifer Warnes. This effort earned her an Academy Award, Golden Globe Award, and BAFTA Award. Two years later, she completed her PhD (in Fine Arts) at the University of Massachusetts. She has, over the years, been given honourary doctorates from a number of Canadian Universities.
In 1992, she released her first album since 1976, Coincidence and Likely Stories. Apparently, she recorded it onto her home computer in Hawaii and then transmitted it via modem through the early Internet to producer Chris Birkett in London, England. The album included the politically-charged songs "The Big Ones Get Away" and "Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee". The album contained electronic backings and traditional Aboriginal chants and, most notably, won a Best International Artist award from France! She followed up with Up Where We Belong (1996), a collection of both new and previously recorded tunes, combining elements of pop and powwow music in an "unplugged" style. The album received a Juno Award for Best Music of Aboriginal Canada in 1997.
In 2002, she performed at the Ottawa Folk Festival and toured France, Denmark, and Sweden. She was awarded the Queen's Jubilee Medal that year. Buffy Sainte-Marie currently lives on Kauai, Hawaii. June 14 CANADIAN Music Part 5: Canada's First Pop Star (circa 1957)Paul Anka
  Godfather of Canadian Pop
Born: 1941, Ottawa, Ontario
Debut: 1955
Genres: Pop / Adult Contemporary / Jazz
Achievements:
- Canadian Music Hall of Fame
- Canadian Walk of Fame
- Hollywood Walk of Fame
- Juno Award in 1975 for Composer of the Year
- Wrote over 400 songs
Biggest Hits:
"Diana" (1957)
- Peaked at #1 on the charts.
- 2nd biggest selling single of all-time worldwide.
"Lonely Boy" (1959)
- Peaked at #1 on the charts.
- 4th biggest single of the year in Canada.
- 5th biggest single of the year in the U.S.
Some Other Hit Singles:
- "Put Your Head On My Shoulder" (1959)
- "Puppy Love" (1960)
- "You're Having My Baby" (1974)
- "I Don't Like to Sleep Alone " (1975)
- "I Believe There's Nothing Stronger " (1975)
- "One Man Woman/One Woman Man " (1975)
Hits He Wrote for Others*:
- "My Way" (1969) – for Frank Sinatra
- "She's a Lady" (1971) – for Tom Jones
- Theme of the Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson (1962)
* Although he composed these for other singers, for some of them, he sang his own version as well.
______________
David Cobb in Canadian Magazine quoted a Parisian reviewer commenting about Paul Anka after seeing him perform in Paris: "A finger of Johnnie Ray, a touch of Frankie Laine, the zest of Elvis Presley, several drops of the Platters - shake and serve. That's the Paul Anka cocktail."
Paul Anka was born into a tightly-knit family in the Canadian capital of Ottawa. His parents owned a two-storey restaurant and lounge, The Locanda, which was a popular hangout for the city's Lebanese community and offered free meals to singers who performed there. When Paul became a teenager, he knew he wanted to be a singer and in show business. His father felt that show business was not legit and that he should become a proper businessman. But through the support of his mother, his dad gradually softened up. He studied some piano and sang in the St. Elijah Syrian Orthodox Church choir. He is quoted in his official website:
"I got into music after being forced to take shorthand at high school," he recalls. "After the first period, I knew that was out. So I asked to be put in the music class. There I played drums, trumpet and piano and started to get a knowledge of music."
He began to sing everywhere and assembled a vocal group called the Bobbysoxers. Among the venues where they performed was a local topless club. Anka says he was too young to be there, so they made him remain in the dressing room when he wasn't on stage. Even gutsier was his practice of secretly borrowing his mother's car, before he was old enough to obtain a license, to drive across the river to Hull, Quebec to perform. One night, the car broke down on the bridge and he kept pushing it on in first gear until the piston shot through the hood.
As we mentioned previously, in those days, New York City was the end-all and be-all of the world's entertainment industry. Anka dreamed of going. He discovered a contest put on by Campbell's Soup of collecting labels, the victor winning a free trip to New York. He spent three months' collecting the soup labels and won the contest. He was mesmerized by the city and vowed to return.
In the summer of 1956, Anka went to Los Angeles to visit his uncle. He worked at a playhouse selling snacks during intermissions. Everyday he would go through the yellow pages and call record companies to ask for an audition. One day his uncle drove him to Modern Records / RPM and he performed a song he wrote called "Blau-Wile Deveest Fontaine". He was signed onto this same label as B.B. King and John Lee Hooker, among others. The song became the flipside of "I Confess" and was released as a single that year. It did not become as successful as Anka had hoped.
When he returned home, at only 14 years of age, he was invited to appear on CBC TV's shows "Pick the Stars" and "Cross-Canada Hit Parade". His parents suggested that, in case his career in singing fails to take off, he should have a backup plan of something more practical. So, while still writing songs, Anka took some journalism courses and landed a job with the Ottawa Citizen (newspaper). Whenever there was a rock concert in Ottawa—Fats Domino, The Platters, Chuck Berry*—Anka was there, always attempting to make it backstage to meet the stars. He succeeded in sneaking into Domino's dressing room to get his autograph. Manager Irving Feld caught him and kicked him out but not before Anka suggested that he take down his name so he could hire him for one of his shows one day. During those days in Ottawa, Anka also met and befriended such Canadian acts as The Diamonds and The Four Lads.
___________
*A piece of trivia: apparently Chuck Berry was inspired to write his song "Sweet Little Sixteen" after seeing an Ottawa fan.
___________
Breakthrough ... More Like Smashthrough
Later that year, Paul's parents gave him $100 to return to New York to visit record companies with some of the new songs he had written. He stayed at the President Hotel with the group The Rover Boys who introduced him to ABC-Paramount producer Don Costa. Anka sang to him a song he wrote about a former babysitter. The song's name was "Diana". Costa liked it and the song was recorded. At 16, Paul was too young to sign the recording contract, so his father came down to New York to sign on Paul's behalf. The song was sent to radio stations around the English-speaking world. Everyone sat back and watched it scale the charts, higher and higher, on both sides of the Atlantic. When it reached number one, Paul Anka was now an international pop star and teen idol. "Diana" went on to sell over 10 million copies, becoming the second biggest of all-time after Bing Crosby's "White Christmas".
Promoters began to ring up Anka expressing their desire to send him on a world tour. As fate would have it, the man who'd kicked Anka out of Fats Domino's dressing room, and who'd been told by Anka to take down his name in case he needed him in the future—Irving Feld—arranged Anka's tour and became his manager. In late 1957, Paul Anka embarked on a 91-city tour of Canada, the U.K., and the U.S.. Later in 1958, he toured Japan and then, with Buddy Holly, Australia. He also became the first pop star from North America to play behind the Iron Curtain. Feld ended up saving Anka from the plane crash that killed Buddy Holly as is explained in Canada's Jam Pop Encyclopedia:
[Paul Anka] also did a set of concert dates at the Olympia in Paris, breaking all previous attendance records. It was in 1959 that Anka appeared in Feld's biggest rock n' roll show of all [The Winter Dance Party Tour]—it featured Buddy Holly, the Big Bopper, Ritchie Valens, Dion and the Belmonts, and others. Fate sidestepped Anka when Feld told him the he wanted him to stay because he'd promised his father he'd keep an eye on him, thus missing the fateful plane crash of February 3, 1959 that killed Holly, the Big Bopper and Valens.
Prior to Holly's demise, Anka wrote a #1 hit song for him that became one of his last: "It Doesn't Matter Anymore". "Diana" was followed up with several more songs that did well on the charts: "It's Time to Cry", "My Heart Sings", "You Are My Destiny", "Crazy Love", "Put Your Head On My Shoulder", "Puppy Love", "My Home Town", and "Dance on Little Girl". Reminiscing about his string of hits, Don Costa said in 1975, "He just couldn't write a bad song". Paul Anka is quoted in his official website talking about these songs that so appealed to teenagers:
I had this talent for writing teenage songs. I was a lonely boy, and I'd see these lonely boys at all these record hops. Do you know how many lonely boys are out there, sitting in their bedrooms at night, thinking about the girl who would not go to the prom with them? Put your head on my shoulder--that was your objective that weekend. To get her to get the head on the shoulder, maybe get a kiss.
He was also invited to appear in a couple of motion pictures in addition to writing songs featured in them. These included The Private Lives of Adam and Eve (with Mickey Rooney) and Girls Town. Though both films are considered by most as turkeys, the song "Lonely Boy", featured in the latter film was another number one hit and the 4th biggest song of the year 1959 (5th in the U.S.).
Shedding Hair
There comes a time in every young man's life, when, with impending hair loss, hormone deceleration, and a mutating metabolism, the realization takes hold that one cannot be a teen machine forever. Anka found that the strenuous rock and roll grind was repressing rather than utilizing his talents, and began to change his style and image into a lounge act. He debuted at the Sahara Hotel in Las Vegas and became the youngest artist to headline the Copacabana in New York. It was June 1960; Anka was 20 years old and a millionaire. Instead of resting on his laurels and sailing off into the sunset, he continued catering to the adult market and scoring songs for movies in which he starred. Such films included Look In Any Window (1961) and The Longest Day (1962). His theme-song for the latter film was nominated for an Oscar.
In 1962, Anka left ABC-Paramount, which sent shockwaves through the recording industry. He also stunned everyone by making a bold but incredibly smart business move: he bought the rights to all his songs. The record company settled on a quarter-million dollars and told him he was nuts. But with countless reissues and covers of his songs over the years, he made a fortune. Anka felt strongly about owning the rights to his own songs, so he made a landmark deal with his new record company—RCA Victor—in which he produced his own masters through his own company for release on RCA. His new songs, however, became only moderate hits. Perhaps his biggest success was composing the theme song for The Tonight Show starring Johnny Carson which debuted in 1962.
Rock stars are notorious for attracting women and, by this point, you are probably wondering about Paul's love life. He had written the song "Puppy Love" for Mouseketeer and actress Annette Funicello. The two were dating but their hectic careers presented too much of a strain for them to continue with their relationship. Anka ended up marrying a European model named Anne DeZogheb. They tied the knot in Paris in 1963.
The British invasion, with the Beatles leading the march, was blamed for stalling the careers of many North American singers like Paul Anka. He later commented that he saw the Beatles perform in Paris and bought some of their records but didn't think they'd wipe everyone in the U.S. and Canada off the charts. And that's exactly what they did.
Anka did manage three or four noteworthy hits after the British Invasion in the 60s. He must have figured that if the Europeans could storm the American charts, why can't North Americans score on the European charts. He spent considerable time performing in Europe, and his song "Ogni Volta" was the first multi-million seller in Italian history. When in North America, he worked primarily in Las Vegas hanging out with the "Rat Pack" and Frank Sinatra.
I'll Do It My Way
What ultimately turned Anka's career around in the U.S. and Canada was a string of events at the end of the decade that began during a visit to France in 1968. Paul was listening to the radio and heard the Claude Francois song "Come d'Habitude". He felt there was something to the song and sought to buy the rights. He succeeded at no cost.
Later on, Paul was having dinner with Frank Sinatra and a few friends. Sinatra told him he was quitting the business, that he was sick of it. Anka was devastated. He really looked up to Sinatra and couldn't believe he was retiring. He decided he had to do something.
At one o'clock in the morning in his New York apartment during a thunderstorm, Paul Anka sat down at his piano, pulling out the song he'd heard in France. He subtly reworked the melody and began to think up some English lyrics. "What would Frank say if he was singing this melody?" he thought while playing it on the piano over and over again. And the words began to come out. "And now the end is near, and so I face the final curtain...". Wikipedia quotes Paul as saying:
I read a lot of periodicals, and I noticed everything was "my this" and "my that". We were in the "me generation" and Frank became the guy for me to use to say that. I used words I would never use: "I ate it up and spit it out." But that's the way he talked. I used to be around steam rooms with the Rat Pack guys - they liked to talk like Mob guys, even though they would have been scared of their own shadows.
He finished off the song at 5AM. He called up Sinatra who was at Caesar's Palace in Las Vegas and played him the song. Sinatra was blown away and wanted to record it immediately. Apparently, Anka's record company was furious, thinking that he should have kept the song for himself. But Anka had written it for Sinatra. Frank Sinatra recorded the song in only two takes in less than half an hour. He rang up Paul in New York and played it for him. Anka says, "I started crying. It was the turning point of my career." The song, of course, was "My Way" and was released in 1969. Not only did it pull the plug on Frank Sinatra's plans of an early retirement, it became his signature song. It saved the careers of both Anka and Sinatra. The song has been covered by countless artists over the years, including Elvis Presley, Tom Jones, and Nina Simone.
An interesting bit of trivia is that David Bowie had been asked to pen English lyrics to "Comme d'Habitude" in 1968. He came up with "Even a Fool Learns to Love". But because Anka had already bought the rights to the original French version, Bowie's was never released. "Life on Mars?" became Bowie's riposte to losing out on a fortune and has a similar tune to "My Way".
Paul Anka also wrote "She's a Lady" for Tom Jones in 1971 which became the Welsh singer's biggest hit.
Comeback and Glide
In terms of his own recordings, Anka had hit the Top 40 only once since 1963. In 1974 all that changed when he began recording ballads. He teamed up with songstress Odia Coates and released "You're Having My Baby". Not only was it a number one hit, it finished in 9th place in RPM's Top 100 singles of the year. Follow-up singles, "One Man Woman/One Woman Man", "I Don't Like to Sleep Alone", "I Believe There's Nothing Stronger", and, what began as a jingle for Kodak—"Times of Your Life"—topped the charts as well, some doing better in Canada and some in the U.S.. He was awarded a Juno Award in 1975 as composer of the year. In 1980, Paul Anka was inducted into the Canadian Music Hall of Fame.
Gliding on the successes of those songs, he recorded less frequently, though continually, after 1975. In 1983, Anka teamed up with Peter Cetera and momentous Canadian producer David Foster and released "Hold Me 'Til The Morning Comes". His 1998 album Body of Work features duets with such singing giants as Celine Dion, Patti LaBelle, Tom Jones, and Frank Sinatra. In 2005, he recorded the album Rock Swings, which is—you guessed it—swing versions of classic rock songs like Van Halen's "Jump", Survivor's "Eye of the Tiger", Nirvana's "Smells Like Teen Spirit", and others. Its success prompted the 2007 follow-up Classic Songs: My Way, consisting of more big-band arrangements of contemporary standards (Bryan Adams' "Heaven", Joni Mitchell's "Both Sides Now", Foreigner's "Waiting for a Girl Like You") and featuring duets with Jon Bon Jovi and Michael Buble.
In 2005, Paul Anka was awarded a star on Canada's Walk of Fame in Toronto. He has also been given a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame (the American equivalent). A street in Ottawa is named "Paul Anka Drive" in his honour.
Paul Anka was Canada's first pop star and helped to inspire more to arise. And they came one after the other in the 1960s. Four of them ended up getting inducted into the American Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.
Coming up next: Canadian Music in the 1960s. June 12 CANADIAN Music Part 4: Birth of Canadian Rock 'n Roll (1950s)In the 1950s, Canada continued contributing new musicians to the world stage in the genres of country (Tommy Hunter), jazz (Moe Koffman, trumpeter Maynard Ferguson, and guitarist Lenny Breau), and classical (Pierrette Alarie, Lois Marshall, Louis Quilico, Léopold Simoneau, and contralto Maureen Forrester).
Following in La Bolduc's footsteps were Quebec artists who enriched the landscape of Canadian music by singing folk music in fabulous French. But an important word on this is best summed up by the Canadian Music Encyclopedia:
In Quebec, the history of popular music unfolded quite differently. Instead of copying Americans, French Canadians created their own style of pretty and simple poetry inspired by traditional folk songs and played on the guitar by chansonniers ("songmakers").
These chansonniers included Yves Albert and Jacques Labrecque. In 1956, Raymond Lévesque scored a big hit with his "Quand les hommes vivront d'amour". Its message of brotherhood and search for justice, its folky guitar and jazzy piano made it, amongst changing pop styles, a timeless classic of chanson québécoise. The song has been performed by many French singers. The most popular French singers in the 50s, however, were perhaps Gilles Vigneault and Félix Leclerc. It wasn't until Beatlemania swept Canada in the 1960s that Quebec artists began to perform pop and rock.
Percy Faith became Canada's second easy listening star (after Guy Lombardo). In the following decade he scored a massive hit with his "Theme from a Summer Place", the number one single of the year in 1960's Billboard chart.
Prior to American Bill Haley's revolutionary comet-clocking chart-topper, Canada had already set itself up to usher in the rock 'n roll era with its hit R&B group The Four Lads. Following suit were The Crew Cuts and The Diamonds. These three Toronto-based quartets launched the rock era in Canada by converting some American R&B tunes into rock and by creating some original selections of their own.
Nearly-forgotten Winnipeg songstress Gisele MacKenzie (no relation to Bob and Doug, eh), after getting her own CBC radio show, recorded some songs of her own which became minor hits in 1955.
Percy Faith
 Born: 1908, Toronto, Ontario
Recording Debut: 1950
Died: 1976
Genre: Easy Listening
Biggest Hit:
"Theme From a Summer Place" (1960)
- Peaked at #1 on the U.S. Charts
- Peaked at #2 on the U.K. Charts
- Peaked at #4 on the Canadian Charts
- #1 single of the year in the U.S. (Billboard)
- Won Grammy (1961) Award for Record of the Year
Some Other Hits:
- "Delicado" (1952)
- "Song from the Moulin Rouge" (1953)
- "Theme for Young Lovers" (1960)
Percy Faith, conductor, arranger, pianist, and composer, was born in Toronto in 1908. He was to become Canada's second easy listening musician (after Guy Lombardo), helped tremendously by recording the biggest single of the year 1960 on the U.S. Billboard charts—"Theme from a Summer Place". He also arranged hits for other artists including Johnny Mathis, Burl Ives, Doris Day, and Tony Bennett. His band-leading career began at the height of the brass-dominated swing era which he rearranged into softer mood music by introducing large string sections.
At age seven, Faith began taking violin lessons and piano three years later. From 1920 on, he performed as an accompanist for silent films in Toronto cinemas. In 1923, at age 15, he gave his first recital in Toronto's prestigious Massey Hall and was considered a prodigy. His career as a concert pianist was destroyed, however, when he injured his hands in a fire three years later.
Undeterred from pursuing his desired career in music, he turned to arranging, first for hotel orchestras, and then for radio. It was during this time that he developed his lush pop instrumental style and he became a staple for the CBC live-music broadcasting in the 1930s. At the end of the decade "Music by Faith" was also being aired in the United States and he was offered a job as director of "The Carnation Contented Hour" on NBC radio Chicago, which he accepted. He composed piano, choral, and orchestra works and won a $1000 prize in 1943 for his operetta "The Gandy Dancer". During these years, he often visited Canada to conduct concerts and CBC TV special broadcasts.
After five years in Chicago, he was offered a job with NBC in New York which he took in 1945. Percy Faith's real recording and arrangements for popular singers began in 1950 when he joined Columbia Records as musical director and recording artist. He arranged pop and folk songs for other singers and pioneered easy listening mood music with the release his own albums. He was the first to record albums consisting solely of songs from Broadway shows and was one of the first to experiment with Latin rhythms.
He wrote Guy Mitchell's first (and number one) single, "My Heart Cries for You" and he arranged three big hits for Tony Bennett. He scored his own first number one single in 1952, "Delicado". His "Song from Moulin Rouge" also did well the following year. In the mid-50s, Faith began composing film scores, beginning with Love Me or Leave Me.
In 1960, Percy Faith scored his mega-hit, "Theme from a Summer Place": #1 in the U.S., #2 in Britain, and #4 in Canada. It was the biggest song of the year in the U.S. according to their Billboard charts and it won a Grammy Award for record of the year. He won another Grammy Award in 1969 for his album, Love Theme from Romeo and Juliet. With the advent of harder rock in the late-1960's, Faith's music became gradually less popular, though he still recorded up until his death from cancer in 1976.
The Four Lads
 Formed: 1947, Toronto, Ontario
First Single Release: 1952
Disbanded: 1977*
Genre: R&B
Members:
- Bernie Toorish (lead / second tenor)
- James Arnold (first tenor)
- Connie Codarini (bass)
- Frank Busseri (baritone)
Achievements: Canadian Music Hall of Fame, Juno Lifetime Achievement Award.
Biggest Hit:
"Moments to Remember" (1955)
- Peaked at #2 on the Pop Charts
Some Other Hit Singles:
- "The Mockingbird" (1952)
- "Istanbul (Not Constantinople)" (1953)
- "Skokian" (1954)
- "No, Not Much!" (1956)
- "Standing on the Corner" (1956)
Experts at a capella and harmony, and influenced by spirituals and gospel music, the Four Lads formed in Toronto after the friends learned to sing as members of the St. Michael's Choir School. (Two of them were to found the rock and roll band The Crew Cuts later on.) The Four Lads' lead vocalist Bernie Toorish (born 1931) had grown up in a musical family and had begun performing from the age of three.
They went through a series of name changes, including The Four Dukes, which they were asked to change when told another group had taken that name, and they finally settled on The Four Lads. After debuting in 1949 on CBC radio, they began performing for some 30 weeks at New York's Le Ruban Bleu dinner club. They signed with Columbia Records and performed backing vocals for Jonny Ray's hits "Cry" and "The Little White Cloud That Cried" in 1951. Both were huge hits with sales exceeding five million copies. They began veering away from spirituals and recording pop songs.
Their first release, "The Mockingbird", came in 1952. Their first gold record came out the following year—"Istanbul (Not Constantinople)". From there, they racked up many hits, their biggest being "Moments to Remember" (1955) which reached #2 on the U.S. pop charts. "No, Not Much" the following year was a million-seller as well. Their expert and closely harmonized singing was well received, labeled as "polished, crisp, with an overlay of vibrato on the long notes" (AMG). The Four Lads also released a number of albums, five them going gold. They made a number of TV appearances in the 50s, and, though performing primarily in the U.S., made the occasional appearance in Canada.
Their last hit came in 1961. The following year, they made some changes in membership. Over the course of their career, The Four Lads, have sold some 50 million recordings. They received a Juno lifetime achievement award and have been inducted into the Canadian Music Hall of Fame.
* Although the group disbanded in 1977 when Toorish became an insurance underwriter, after their induction into the Music Hall of Fame in 1984, enough interest was generated to prompt him to reactivate the group and they began performing at clubs and on cruises.
The Crew Cuts
 Formed: 1952, Toronto, Ontario
Disbanded: 1964
Genre: Pop
Members:
- John Perkins (lead)
- Rudi Maugeri (baritone)
- Ray Perkins (bass)
- Pat Barrett (1st or high tenor)
Achievements: Canadian Music Hall of Fame, Juno Lifetime Achievement Award.
Biggest Hit:
"Sh-Boom" (1954)
- Peaked at #1 on the charts
- 5th biggest song of the year (Cashbox)
Some Other Hit Singles:
- "Crazy 'Bout Ya Baby" (1954)
- "Gumdrop" (1955)
- "Earth Angel" (1955)
- "Angels In The Sky" (1955)
- "Mostly Martha" (1955)
- "Don't Be Angry" (1955)
- "Young Love" (1957)
Like the Four Lads, The Crew Cuts' members also attended the St. Michael's Choir School in Toronto. They gave up their provincial government jobs when they began making money with their singing. They were asked by Toronto deejay Barry Nesbitt to sing on his weekly teen show and began performing gigs in local clubs around Niagara Falls. When they had saved some money, they drove down to New York City and entered the Arthur Godfrey Talent contest, finishing in second place. But this led them nowhere. They did record a song—"Chip, Chip Sing a Song Little Sparrow"—with minor label but this did nothing to improve their lot and they continued performing at more shabby clubs.
In March, 1953, the band returned to Toronto and opened for singer Gisele MacKenzie at the Casino Theatre. She raved about them to her record label but failed to remember the group's name. The following winter, the band was playing at a club in Sudbury one night. It was 40 below. Their agent contacted them saying that they had been invited to appear on the Gene Carroll television show in Cleveland (U.S.). Hoping that this was the break they were awaiting, they hopped into their car and drove nearly a thousand kilometers without a heater. They thawed themselves out I suppose and managed to perform three times.
The Crew Cuts had been going by different names at the time and Bill Randle, a local disc jockey in Cleveland, was the one who, after seeing their unique hairstyles, came up with the band's permanent name. He booked them for an audition with Mercury Records. Mercury was blown out of the solar system and immediately signed them.
The Crew Cuts' scored their first hit, the original "Crazy 'Bout You Baby" in 1954; it made the Top Ten. They recorded a cover of The Chords' "Sh-Boom" beefing it up with a big-band orchestration. And it lunged up the charts all the way to number one. It was to become the 5th biggest song of the year according to Cashbox, doing far better than the original version. The band recorded a number of original songs and cover tunes. Interestingly, their cover tunes, which were usually pop treatments of former R&B songs, tended to do well in the U.S.; whereas, their original songs became big hits in Canada.
After their huge success, the band returned to Toronto where they were greeted with a full-blown ticker-tape parade. They continued breaking into the Top 20 for the next few years. Their cover of The Penguins' "Earth Angel" went to number three in 1955. Their last Top 20 hit in the U.S. was "Young Love" in 1957; a country version by Sonny James was also a hit. The following year, the group moved from Mercury to RCA Victor and disbanded in 1964. In addition to their singles, they released nine albums. They received a Juno Lifetime Achievement Award in 1984 and were inducted into the Canadian Music Hall of Fame.
The Diamonds
 Formed: 1953, Toronto, Ontario
Last Hit: 1961
Genre: Pop
Members:
- Dave Somerville (lead)
- Phil Levitt (baritone) - Replaced by Mike Douglas 1957
- Bill Reed (bass) (died 2004) - Replaced by John Felten 1958 (died 1982)
- Ted Kowalski (tenor) - Replaced by Evan Fisher 1958
Achievements: Canadian Music Hall of Fame
Biggest Hit:
"Little Darlin'" (1957)
- Peaked at #2 on the charts
- 6th biggest single of the year (Cashbox)
Some Other Hit Singles:
- "Why Do Fools Fall In Love" (1956)
- "The Church Bells May Ring" (1956)
- "Words Of Love" (1957)
- "Zip Zip" (1957)
- "Silhouettes" (1957)
- "The Stroll" (1957)
- "Kathy-O" (1958)
- "Walking Along" (1958)
Canada's third and final famous quartet in the 50s was The Diamonds. Like the Four Lads and Crew Cuts, they were also from Toronto; unlike those two, the members were not from St. Michael's Boys Choir. Their road to fame was similar to the Crew Cuts as we'll see in a minute.
The band's founding member Levitt said the beginnings of the Diamonds came when he was vacationing with a friend one summer at Crystal Beach on Lake Erie. Some girls heard them singing and encouraged them to continue. That autumn, Levitt entered the University of Toronto and met Ted Kowalski. Later on, they went to the CBC to audition for a local talent show where they met sound engineer Dave Somerville who decided to give them vocal training. He joined them as their lead singer when they were invited to sing for a Christmas party at a local church. It was then that the Diamonds were born.
The group began to work on radio shows for the CBC and Nat Goodman became their manager. He got them an appearance on the same show that launched The Crew Cuts' career—Arthur Godfrey's Talent Show—in Cleveland, U.S.A.. They tied with another contestant and won the prize as guests of the show for a week. This led to a recording contract with Coral Records. Four songs were released but did little to bring fame to the group.
In 1955, they played the Alpine Village Club in Cleveland and were discovered by the same deejay as The Crew Cuts—Bill Randle. Like the Crew Cuts, Randle got them signed onto Mercury Records who asked them to do cover tunes, converting R&B songs to pop. These covers became bit hits and included Frankie Lymon And The Teenagers' "Why Do Fools Fall In Love" (#12 on the U.S. charts), The Willows' "Church Bells May Ring" (#14), and their biggest hit, which reached #2 on the charts, The Gladiolas' "Little Darlin'". The latter was listed as the 6th biggest single of 1957 according to Cashbox. On December 30th, 1957, they released an original song, "The Stroll" which peaked at #4 on the charts, made them a dance sensation on Dick Clark's American Bandstand, and launched a dance craze of the same name. In the late-50s, The Diamonds appeared with a number of big-name acts on TV: Elvis Presley, Perry Como, Tony Bennett, Steve Allen and Jimmy Dean. They were also featured in the movie musical The Big Beat and sang the theme song for Kathy-O. The band scored their last hit in 1961.
With a number of personnel changes and the expiration of their record contract, the group focused on touring in the next few decades. Apparently the group made it to the country charts in 1987. They were inducted into the Canadian Music Hall of Fame.
__________
Canadians would never have believed what was to happen in 1957. Their first international pop superstar arrived from within the nation's capital. He released a single that rocketed up to Number One on both sides of the Atlantic and today remains the second best-selling single of all-time (after Bing Crosby's "White Christmas"). He was Canada's first real teen-idol, scored several more chart-toppers in the late 50s, became a millionaire while still a minor, switched from rock to adult contemporary in the 60s, wrote the theme for the Tonight Show, composed Tom Jones' biggest hit, foiled Frank Sinatra's plans of an early retirement by writing his signature song, and rekindled his own singing career with several chart-toppers in the 70s. To date, he has written some 400 songs. He should be regarded as the godfather of Canadian pop. And his story is coming up next… June 06 CANADIAN Music Part 3: Rise of the Pianists (1940s)Canadians continued to contribute to the richness of classical music thanks to the likes of Portia White and George London. White's singing achieved international fame which helped to open previously closed doors for blacks, she being an African Canadian. In 1964 she performed for Queen Elizabeth II. George London formed the Bel Canto Trio with tenor Mario Lanza and soprano Frances Yeend in 1947. In 1956, he appeared on the popular Ed Sullivan television program opposite Maria Callas. But of all Canada's classical music stars, the most famous of them all—right up to the present time—debuted in 1947 and his name was Glenn Gould. With a quirky personality, he was an unlikely candidate for superstardom, but when his magic fingers danced on piano keys, they took everyone's breath away.
With Canadian country music well underway, having been launched in the 30s, Canada, in the 40s, was to produce its first stars of jazz. With fingers as dazzling as Gould's but improvising rather than structuring themselves after Bach, another of the greatest pianists of all time (worldwide) appeared, and his name was Oscar Peterson. Four years prior to Peterson's debut, another jazz legend and another pianist had appeared, though more famous as an arranger. And his name was Gil Evans.
Gould, Evans, and Peterson were the biggest names in Canadian music debuting in the 1940s and they were all pianists.
Gil Evans
 Born: 1912, Toronto, Ontario
Debut: 1941
Died: 1988
Genre: Jazz
Achievements: Canadian Music Hall of Fame, Grammy Award
Notable Songs: "Copenhagen Sight", "Eleven", "Jambangle", "La Nevada", "So Long", "Stratusphunk".
Torontonian pianist Gil Evans was a jazz arranger, composer, bandleader, and innovator who played a big role in the development of several subgenres of jazz. He is known for his several album-length collaborations will famous American trumpeter Miles Davis and for his pioneering the use of electronic sounds in jazz in the 1970s.
Born in 1912 as Ian Ernest Gilmore Green, he changed his name to Evans later on, after his stepfather. In his youth, his family moved to California. He began his career working for an arranger for the Claude Thornhill Orchestra in 1941. In 1946, he moved to New York City and musicians liked to drop into his basement suite behind a Chinese laundry to consult about developing new musical styles outside of the bebop dominant industry. One such musician was none other than Charlie Parker. In 1949 and 1950 he recorded three sessions with Miles Davis and others which were considered birth of the cool movement in jazz. Davis began requesting Evans to arrange the music on his albums.
From 1957 on, Evans recorded a number of albums under his own name. In the 60s, he became fond of Brazilian music and recorded a special Latin album with his orchestra. In the 70s, following the death of Jimi Hendrix whom he admired, he released a tribute album of arrangements of his music. In the 70s and 80s, he toured extensively around the world, including Europe and Japan and collaborated with various rock stars like David Bowie and The Police / Sting.
In 1983, Evans began a series of Monday night engagements with his orchestra playing at the Sweet Basil Jazz Club in New York. He released several albums under the name Gil Evans and the Monday Night Orchestra. One of them won a Grammy award. Gil Evans died in Mexico in 1988. In 1997 he was inducted into the Canadian Music Hall of Fame.
Oscar Peterson
 Born: 1925, Montreal, Quebec
Debut: 1945
Died: 2007
Genre: Jazz
Achievements: Canadian Music Hall of Fame, Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award
Notable Songs: "Blues Etude", "When Summer Comes", "Canadiana Suite".
The internet's All Music Guide says of "O.P." that he was "at his absolute best when performing unaccompanied solos" and that his distinctive piano playing and original style "fell somewhere between swing and bop". He was so gifted that many skilled pianists found him difficult to emulate. Although a pianist, he also played the electric piano, organ, and clavichord at times. He also sang on rare occasions and it was noted that he sounded much like Nat King Cole.
Canadian Jazz legend, pianist, and composer Oscar Peterson grew up in the poor St. Henri district of Montreal. His father, an amateur organist, had all five of his children study music, each in turn teaching the next youngest. Oscar's first instructor, therefore, was his elder sister Daisy. She became a music teacher later on.
After nine years of learning the keys, he won a talent show at age 14 and was invited to star on a weekly Montreal radio program. He also gained experience and exposure as a feature of Johnny Holmes' Orchestra, a popular dance band. In 1945, Peterson began a series of 32 boogie-woogie style recordings with RCA Victor, and he toured Canada the following year.
In 1947, Peterson left the Johnny Holmes Orchestra forming his own trio who played the Alberta Lounge in Montreal. In 1949, he met American impresario Norman Granz who suggested he make a U.S. debut as a surprise guest at the Philharmonic (all-star troupe of American musicians) concert in New York City's Carnegie Hall. His brief performance on the show caused a sensation and his international career was launched.
By this time you may be wondering why most of the early Canadian musicians went to New York to launch their international careers. The fact is that Canada had not yet built-up its musical infrastructure; whereas, New York City was, at the time, the world's musical epicenter. Music stars who remained in Canada could barely earn a living, while, in New York, they could earn a fortune. Peterson, however, unlike Guy Lombardo and Hank Snow chose to remain living in Canada until his death. But in 1958, he moved from Montreal to the Toronto area.
Oscar Peterson began a tour with Jazz at the Philharmonic capturing the souls of the American public. Chicago jazz magazine Down Beat conducted readers' polls in the early 50s which placed Peterson in the number one spot. He made his first American recordings with Granz's label Verve performing a series of duets with either Ray Brown or Major Holley on bass. His version of "Tenderly" became a hit. He ended up forming a trio that went through some personnel changes over the years. The band was a piano-guitar-bass combination until 1958, when it became a piano-bass-drums outfit.
Peterson teamed up with a number of big names in Jazz from time to time: Dizzy Gillespie, Louis Armstrong, Ella Fitzgerald, and Count Basie to name a few. In 1963, he recorded his most significant work, The Canadiana Suite, an eight-part survey of the country's geographical features. He kept a rigorous international touring schedule well into the 80s but, after a stroke in 1993 that affected the use of his left hand, reduced the number of his performances. By 2001, Peterson had completed more than 130 albums.
Oscar Peterson was inducted into the Canadian Music Hall of Fame in 1978. His album If You Could See Me Now won a Juno Award in 1987. He also won a number of Grammy Awards, including a "lifetime achievement" award in 1997.
Glenn Gould
 Born: 1932, Toronto, Ontario
Debut: 1947
Died: 1982
Genre: Classical (Piano)
Achievements: Canadian Music Hall of Fame, Canadian Walk of Fame
Notable Recordings: Goldberg Variations, "Blues Etude", "When Summer Comes", "Canadiana Suite".
Unlike the other Canadian musicians of the time, Gould was born into a middle class family and was an only-child. By the time he was three years old, his mother knew she had given birth to a prodigy. He studied piano with her and then piano and organ at the Toronto (Royal) Conservatory of Music in the 1940s. He earned his diploma when he was but 12. His first major organ recital took place in 1945 and piano a year later. His first professional debut took place with the Toronto Symphony Orchestra in early 1947 when he performed Beethoven's Piano Concerto No. 4. Through radio broadcasts beginning in 1950, television in 1952, and recordings in 1953, he became famous throughout Canada.
Though he toured early-on, he preferred the studio environment. In the beginning of 1955, he made his U.S. debut with recitals in Washington and New York. He immediately signed a deal with Columbia Records. His first album Bach's Goldberg Variations was his masterwork, a recording that up until today has never gone out of print. It made him internationally famous and world tours were in order: he performed in the USSR, Israel, and Western Europe. Wherever he went, his skill brought him acclaim and his unusual stage manner and eccentric personality brought controversy.
Suffering from shyness and hypertension, Gould hated performing in public and became a hypochondriac, canceling out of performances at the last minute. It was no surprise to those who knew him, therefore, that he formally withdrew from public performance in 1964. His moral, artistic, and temperamental objections to the concert format led him to become an outspoken activist for electronic media. Learning the ropes of the recording industry, he began making radio and television programs, documentaries, recitals, scripts, and films.
He longed to be a composer but after a one-movement string quartet in the mid-50s, he completed only a few minor pieces. He arranged the musical scores of two feature films. He adopted the method of splicing together single performances from many takes, which was seen initially as fraudulent art, but this technique was subsequently adopted by the recording industry.
In 1982, he announced plans of conducting and of retiring to the countryside to focus on composing. But his hypertension led to a massive stroke that year. He died a week later at age 50. A year later, he was inducted into the Canadian Music Hall of Fame. His reputation continued to grow after his passing. In 1993, a feature film was made about him entitled Thirty-Two Short Films about Glenn Gould; it won Best Picture at the Genie Awards. In 1998 he gained a star on Canada's Walk of Fame
Coming up next: Canada in the rise of rock and roll.
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